Description
Huitzilopochtli was the main deity of the Mexica and the Central Highlands when the Spanish arrived in
Mexico. He is the god of the sun, of war and patron of the Mexica (Aztec) capital Tenochtitlán. Their
central temple was in what is now known as Churubusco, on top of a pyramid next to the god of rain,
also important since they could not survive without it. Inside the temple are stone skulls on a red
background.
Huitzilopochtli means left-handed hummingbird or hummingbird of the south. Huitzilopochtli was in
charge of guiding the Mexica when they had to leave their homeland Aztlán. The hummingbird gave
them instructions to move forward safely and ordered the foundation of Tenochtitlán in the place where
they found the eagle devouring a snake on top of a cactus. It is the place that would give the Mexica
power over other peoples. It was there that the city of Mexico-Tenochtitlán was later founded. Part of
this meaning is found in the national coat of arms of Mexico and in its flag.
Huitzilopochtli is the son of the goddess of Fertility (Coatlicue) and the young Sun son of the old Sun
(Tonatiuh).
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